Color blindness is a common eye condition that makes it difficult to distinguish certain colors. A person that is color blind often experiences problems determining colors like yellow, red, blue or green. Color blindness refers to a deficiency in the way you see color, and not any form of blindness.

Color blindness or color vision deficiency is the inability to perceive differences between some of the colors that others can distinguish. It is most often of genetic nature, but may also occur because of eye, nerve, or brain damage, or exposure to certain chemicals. The English chemist John Dalton published the first scientific  paper on the subject in 1798, "Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours", after the realization of his own color blindness. Because of Dalton's work, the condition was often called daltonism, although this term is now used for a type of color blindness called deuteranopia. 

The Ishihara Test is usually tried to be taken to test red-green color deficiency. Dr. Shinobu Ishihara, a Professor at the University of Tokyo first published his test in 1917 and now his method has become a great reference to test eye deficiency. He used what he called Ishihara Plates. It consists of a number of colored plates that each of which contains a circle of dots appearring randomized in color and size.

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....... And, this is the names of colors that you should know....